Like any mechanical system, anaerobic digesters can encounter issues that significantly affect their efficiency and performance. In this article, we will explore common anaerobic digester troubleshooting practices and provide guidance on when it’s necessary to seek professional support and maintenance to keep your digester operating smoothly.

1. Monitor Gas Production

One of the primary indicators of an anaerobic digester’s health is the gas production. A decrease in biogas generation might indicate an issue within the digester. Regularly monitor gas levels to ensure they are consistent with historical data. If you notice a significant drop, it could be due to feedstock variations, operational changes, or potential digester problems.

2. Check Temperature Fluctuations

Anaerobic digestion is sensitive to temperature changes. Optimal operating temperatures are necessary for the activity of microorganisms that break down organic matter. Sudden drops or spikes in temperature might lead to reduced biogas production or even process failure. Regularly measure and record temperature data at different points within the digester to spot any irregularities.

3. Observe Foam and Scum Formation

Foaming or scum buildup on the surface of the digester can be a common issue. This can disrupt the anaerobic process and lead to reduced gas production. If you notice excessive foaming or thick scum layers, it might indicate an imbalance in the digestion process, potentially caused by improper mixing, nutrient deficiencies, or excessive organic loading.

4. Check pH Levels

The pH level is a critical parameter for the anaerobic digestion process. It indicates the acidity or alkalinity of the digester environment. A significant deviation from the optimal pH range can inhibit the microbial activity responsible for biogas production. Regularly monitor pH levels and take corrective actions if it falls outside the recommended range.

5. Inspect Gas Composition

Apart from monitoring gas production, it is essential to check the composition of the biogas. Biogas typically consists of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). A shift in the gas composition, with a decrease in methane content, might signify digester issues. Use gas analyzers to assess the biogas composition and address any anomalies promptly.

6. Address Agitator and Mixing Problems

Proper mixing is vital for efficient anaerobic digestion. Inadequate mixing can lead to poor distribution of microorganisms, resulting in incomplete degradation of organic matter and reduced gas production. Regularly inspect and maintain agitators or mixing systems to ensure consistent and uniform mixing within the digester.

7. Analyze Feedstock Quality

The type and quality of feedstock directly impact anaerobic digestion. If the feedstock composition changes significantly, the digester might struggle to adjust, leading to reduced biogas output. Analyze the feedstock regularly and avoid sudden shifts in input materials.